正如我们之前所述,在每个子类的表策略中,表是按照持久化类创建的,但它们通过主键和外键关系进行处理。因此,在关系中不会有重复的列。

我们需要在父类中指定 @Inheritance(strategy=InheritanceType.JOINED) 注解,并在子类中使用 @PrimaryKeyJoinColumn 注解。

让我们看一下将要映射的类的层次结构。

7-1.jpg

每个表的表结构如下:

Employee 类的表结构

7-2.jpg

Regular_Employee 类的表结构

7-3.jpg

Contract_Employee 类的表结构

7-4.jpg

使用注解实现每个子类的表的示例

在这个示例中,我们将创建三个类,并在 employee.hbm.xml 文件中提供这些类的映射。

1) 创建持久化类

你需要创建表示继承关系的持久化类。让我们为上述层次结构创建三个类:

文件: Employee.java

package cn.javatiku.mypackage;

import javax.persistence.*;

@Entity
@Table(name = "employee103")
@Inheritance(strategy = InheritanceType.JOINED)
public class Employee {
    @Id
    @GeneratedValue(strategy = GenerationType.AUTO)
    @Column(name = "id")
    private int id;

    @Column(name = "name")
    private String name;

    // setters and getters
}

文件: Regular_Employee.java

package cn.javatiku.mypackage;

import javax.persistence.*;

@Entity
@Table(name = "regularemployee103")
@PrimaryKeyJoinColumn(name = "ID")
public class Regular_Employee extends Employee {

    @Column(name = "salary")
    private float salary;

    @Column(name = "bonus")
    private int bonus;

    // setters and getters
}

文件: Contract_Employee.java

package cn.javatikut.mypackage;

import javax.persistence.*;

@Entity
@Table(name = "contractemployee103")
@PrimaryKeyJoinColumn(name = "ID")
public class Contract_Employee extends Employee {

    @Column(name = "pay_per_hour")
    private float pay_per_hour;

    @Column(name = "contract_duration")
    private String contract_duration;

    // setters and getters
}

2) 在 pom.xml 文件中添加项目信息和配置

打开 pom.xml 文件并点击 source。现在,在 <dependencies>....</dependencies> 标签之间添加以下依赖项。

<dependency>
    <groupId>org.hibernate</groupId>
    <artifactId>hibernate-core</artifactId>
    <version>5.3.1.Final</version>
</dependency>

<dependency>
    <groupId>com.oracle</groupId>
    <artifactId>ojdbc14</artifactId>
    <version>10.2.0.4.0</version>
</dependency>

3) 创建配置文件

打开 hibernate.cfg.xml 文件,并添加映射资源条目,如下所示:

<mapping class="cn.javatiku.mypackage.Employee"/> 
<mapping class="cn.javatiku.mypackage.Contract_Employee"/> 
<mapping class="cn.javatiku.mypackage.Regular_Employee"/> 

现在配置文件将如下所示:

文件: hibernate.cfg.xml

<?xml version='1.0' encoding='UTF-8'?> 
<!DOCTYPE hibernate-configuration PUBLIC 
     "-//Hibernate/Hibernate Configuration DTD 5.3//EN" 
     "http://hibernate.sourceforge.net/hibernate-configuration-5.3.dtd"> 

<!-- 由 MyEclipse Hibernate 工具生成 -->
<hibernate-configuration> 
  <session-factory> 
    <property name="hbm2ddl.auto">update</property> 
    <property name="dialect">org.hibernate.dialect.Oracle9Dialect</property> 
    <property name="connection.url">jdbc:oracle:thin:@localhost:1521:xe</property> 
    <property name="connection.username">system</property> 
    <property name="connection.password">jtp</property> 
    <property name="connection.driver_class">oracle.jdbc.driver.OracleDriver</property> 

    <mapping class="cn.javatiku.mypackage.Employee"/> 
    <mapping class="cn.javatiku.mypackage.Contract_Employee"/> 
    <mapping class="cn.javatiku.mypackage.Regular_Employee"/> 
  </session-factory> 
</hibernate-configuration>

hbm2ddl.auto 属性定义用于在数据库中自动创建表。

4) 创建存储持久化对象的类

在这个类中,我们将简单地将员工对象存储在数据库中。

文件: StoreData.java

package cn.javatiku.mypackage;

import org.hibernate.Session;
import org.hibernate.SessionFactory;
import org.hibernate.Transaction;
import org.hibernate.boot.Metadata;
import org.hibernate.boot.MetadataSources;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistry;
import org.hibernate.boot.registry.StandardServiceRegistryBuilder;

public class StoreData {
    public static void main(String args[]) {

        StandardServiceRegistry ssr = new StandardServiceRegistryBuilder().configure("hibernate.cfg.xml").build(); 
        Metadata meta = new MetadataSources(ssr).getMetadataBuilder().build(); 

        SessionFactory factory = meta.getSessionFactoryBuilder().build(); 
        Session session = factory.openSession(); 

        Transaction t = session.beginTransaction();  

        Employee e1 = new Employee();  
        e1.setName("Gaurav Chawla");  

        Regular_Employee e2 = new Regular_Employee();  
        e2.setName("Vivek Kumar");  
        e2.setSalary(50000);  
        e2.setBonus(5);  

        Contract_Employee e3 = new Contract_Employee();  
        e3.setName("Arjun Kumar");  
        e3.setPay_per_hour(1000);  
        e3.setContract_duration("15 hours");  

        session.persist(e1);  
        session.persist(e2);  
        session.persist(e3);  

        t.commit();  
        session.close();  
        System.out.println("success");    
    } 
}

运行 StoreData 类将三个员工对象持久化到数据库中,各自存储在对应的表中。

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